Pedigrees:
A pedigree is a way to show the transmission of a trait throughout a family. As seen above, a pedigree is a great way to easily show how the trait affects each family member. There are four main possibilities of how a trait is passed on throughout the family. These include:
1. Autosomal Dominant
2. Autosomal Recessive
3. Sex-Linked Dominant
4. Sex-Linked Recessive
Pedigrees help to analyze which family members have a disorder and help to clarify how the disorder travels.
1. Autosomal Dominant
2. Autosomal Recessive
3. Sex-Linked Dominant
4. Sex-Linked Recessive
Pedigrees help to analyze which family members have a disorder and help to clarify how the disorder travels.
Punnett Squares:
Punnett Squares are used in many ways and allow people to see what the possible genotypes of various offspring will be. They are really helpful in determining the possible genotypes of offspring and can be thought of as a math multiplication tables. They can be used in every type of breeding, include single hybrid crosses, dihybrid crosses, trihybrid crosses, purebred crosses, and many others! Punnett Squares are one of the easiest ways to determine a specific trait someone will inherit from their parents is to use the Punnett Square. It is very easy to use the Punnett Square, first you make a grid with perpendicular lines.
Next, you put the gene of one parent on the top and the gene of the other on the left side.
Finally, you just fill in the empty boxes by copying the row and column-head letters going across or down. 50% of the offspring will most likely be heterozygous (Bb) and the other 50% will be homozygous (bb). With the heterozygous offspring, B is dominant over b, so those offspring will have whatever trait B may stand for.
Example of a Larger Punnett Square:
Example of a Larger Punnett Square: